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Toxic megacolon
Toxic megacolon (''megacolon toxicum'') is an acute form of colonic distension. It is characterized by a very dilated colon (megacolon), accompanied by abdominal distension (bloating), and sometimes fever, abdominal pain, or shock.
Toxic megacolon is usually a complication of inflammatory bowel disease, such as ulcerative colitis and, more rarely, Crohn's disease, and of some infections of the colon, including ''Clostridium difficile'' infections, which have led to pseudomembranous colitis. Other forms of megacolon exist and can be congenital (present since birth, such as Hirschsprung's disease). Also, it can be caused by ''Entamoeba histolytica'' and Shigella.
==Signs and symptoms==
*Abdominal pain
*Abdominal bloating
*Abdominal tenderness
*Fever
*Tachycardia (rapid heart rate)
*Dehydration
There may be signs of septic shock. A physical examination reveals abdominal tenderness and possible loss of bowel sounds. An abdominal radiography shows colonic dilation. White blood cell count is usually elevated. Severe sepsis may present with hypothermia or leukopenia.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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